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African and Middle East countries looking to reclaim more than $1 billion allegedly stashed in Switzerland by "kleptocrat" leaders will need to untangle a vast web of accounts to prove their criminal cases, experts say.
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Switzerland said on Thursday that it had frozen 70 million Swiss francs ($81.45 million) linked to former Ivory Coast President Laurent Gbagbo and associates.
Earlier this week, it confirmed blocking a total of 830 million Swiss francs ($965.8 million) in assets linked to Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi and ousted presidents Hosni Mubarak of Egypt and Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali of Tunisia.
Fledging democracies must ensure their requests meet the standards of Swiss courts that enforce money-laundering laws tightened up in recent years, experts say.
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"Accounts talk, you don't need to know the whole scope of embezzlement at first," said Geneva lawyer Enrico Monfrini who recovered the Swiss assets of Nigeria's Sani Abacha and is still trying to repatriate those of Haiti's Jean-Claude "Baby Doc" Duvalier.
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"It's like a spider's web, you see the inflows and outflows and little by little you see the full picture," he said, recalling working for a decade to return $650 million in assets to Nigeria, painstakingly proving it was looted by the late Abacha and stashed in Switzerland.
"It's very forensic, real accountant's work," he said.
Over the past 25 years, Switzerland has also blocked funds held by Ferdinand Marcos of the Philippines and former Zaire's Mobutu Sese Seko, buying time for foreign prosecutors to seek restitution of funds despite lengthy appeals' processes.
"It's in their interest to work quickly but also to connect the dots, otherwise it could all end in an imbroglio," a Swiss judicial source, speaking on condition of anonymity, said.
"We're ready to help but can't do the on-site investigation for them in their place," he added.
CRIMINAL
Judicial officials must now show that domestic criminal proceedings are underway against their ousted leaders and that the offence committed is also punishable under Swiss law.
"Requests for legal assistance must always be in the context of criminal proceedings," Folco Galli of the Swiss federal office of justice in Berne told Reuters.
Egypt and Tunisia have submitted preliminary but incomplete requests to Switzerland, he said. "On Libya, we are willing to cooperate but we have to receive a request for cooperation".
