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Officials in Peru are working to establish security in a remote corner of the Amazon following a recent spate of attacks on tourists and locals by the isolated "uncontacted" tribe of Mashco-Piro Indians.
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The attacks, which occurred in October and November of last year, come amid an uptick in the number of sightings of the typically nomadic and elusive Mashco-Piro along major waterways in the dense forests bordering Manú National Park. The issue poses an increasingly volatile situation for both settlers and tourists, but also the members of the isolated tribe.
On Tuesday, exactly one year after aerial photos from a nearby uncontacted tribe in the Brazilian Amazon stunned the world, tribal rights organization Survival International released new photos of the Mashco Piro that it called the clearest photos of an uncontacted tribe ever taken.
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What exactly is an "uncontacted" tribe?
"Uncontacted doesn't mean they've never had any contact," Survival International campaigner Rebecca Spooner told IBTimes. "They've decided to avoid the outside world. Survival defines uncontacted as a tribe that's had no peaceful contact with the outside."
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Spooner said the Mascho-Piro likely have contact with other indigenous groups, but resist contact with outsiders.
Mashco-Piro have been known to inhabit the southeast Peruvian Amazon for many years and while a select few have made contact with the outside world, the majority have not. Studies have pointed to there being several Mashco Piro clans numbering roughly between 20-50 individuals in each group. They live in close proximity to about 14 other nomadic uncontacted tribes within the same region of the Peruvian Amazon and have long been considered among the Amazon's most implacable warriors, resisting contact and subjugation.
The majority of the world's roughly 100 uncontacted tribes live in the Amazon with the most found in Brazil. Spooner said there is also at least one uncontacted tribe in both Bolivia and Paraguay.
"It's quite common for a tribe to have had some contact, at least during the rubber boom," Spooner noted.
The Mashco-Piro's forebears were decimated along the Madre de Dios River in 1892 by a private army employed by the notorious rubber baron Carlos Fermin Fitzcarraldo, vilified in Werner Herzog's 1982 classic "Fitzcarraldo."
The images of Mashco-Piro released Tuesday were taken by two photographers, Gabriella Galli and Diego Cortijo. Galli is an Italian Survival supporter who happened to be in the Manu region on a bird watching trip where she spotted the men on the riverbank from her boat. No contact was made.
Cortijo, meanwhile, is a Spanish archaeologist who was in the region in October on a research trip when the Mashco-Piro group pictured turned up. He took the photographs from a distance of 400 feet with a camera attached to a telescope.
Survival believes the photos are of the same group of Mashco-Piro that is thought to have launched a November attack on Matsigenka Indian Nicolás "Shaco" Flores, Cortijo's host in the Peruvian Amazon one month earlier. Witnesses say Flores was struck in the heart by a bamboo-tipped arrow near the Manú National Park. He had been leaving food and gifts for a small group of Mashco-Piro Indians for the last 20 years and was the only form of contact they had with the outside.
"Shaco's death is a tragedy: he was a kind, courageous and knowledgeable man," Glenn Shepard, an anthropologist and friend of the victim, wrote in his blog and in Anthropology News. "He believed he was helping the Mashco-Piro. And yet in this tragic incident, the Mashco-Piro have once again expressed their adamant desire to be left alone."
