Indian Economy to Grow at Slowest Pace in 10 Years: Poll

Workers walk in front of a multi-story commercial building under construction on the outskirts of Ahmedabad May 31, 2012.

Even as growth falters, the rupee has been hitting all-time lows against the dollar, the government is struggling with bloated fiscal and current account deficits and inflation has remained stubbornly high, giving policymakers less room to manoeuvre.

Gross domestic product in India is now expected to grow 6.3 percent during the fiscal year 2012/2013 and by 7.0 percent next fiscal, down from 7.1 percent and 8.0 percent, respectively, expected in the last survey in April.

Growth of 6.3 percent would be slackest pace of expansion for Asia's third-largest economy since 2002-2003, when it grew 4.0 percent.

Growth predictions for India have now been slashed in six consecutive quarterly polls. All of the 17 analysts who contributed to this survey and the last downgraded their growth forecasts for this fiscal year and next.

The International Monetary Fund this week also sharply downgraded growth estimates for India to 6.1 percent this fiscal year and 6.5 percent in the next.

India's weakening outlook, along with softening in China, means any global recovery from the present economic slump will not be driven strongly by these two emerging economies - unlike after the financial crisis of 2008 when they saw nearly double-digit growth rates.

Immediately after the global financial crisis India grew very rapidly but that recovery was to a very large extent propelled by domestic stimulus, both monetary and fiscal, said Leif Eskesen, economist at HSBC.

Monetary policy has tightened subsequently and that has to some extent spilled over to growth and slowed it down. However, while the latest poll showed China's downtrend likely bottomed out in the last quarter, India's economy may still be losing steam.

HIGH INFLATION, HIGH INTEREST RATES

The Reserve Bank of India hiked interest rates from 5.00 percent in early 2010 to 8.50 percent by the end of 2011 as it tried in vain to bring down racing inflation, slowly denting domestic demand.

Asia Pacific quarterly economic poll

New Delhi's slow pace of implementing structural reforms to removed supply-side bottlenecks has also weighed on growth.

A gradual pick-up in implementation of structural reforms will provide impetus to growth next year. It will also have a positive spillover effect for domestic and foreign investor sentiment, Eskesen added.

But since we can't expect significant reforms before the general elections and because these reforms take time to implement and pay off, we probably have to wait for a few more years before we're back to growth above 8 percent.

No date has been set for the next general election, although many expect it will fall around May 2014.

MORE EASING?

The central bank stunned financial markets in June by not cutting rates to revive flagging growth.

Economists still believe it will have to reduce rates in coming months, though many have postponed the timing of the next move. They now expect the central bank to keep the repo rate unchanged at 8.00 percent this quarter, before cutting it to 7.50 percent between October and December.

The RBI's hawkish stance on inflation could mean further delays in rate cuts, especially after it indicated at the June meeting that the burden is on the government to revive growth.

It surprised markets by cutting its policy rate in April by a steep 50 basis points, but has shied away since then from doing anything more, mainly because price pressures have remained strong.

The wholesale price index is expected to rise by 7.4 percent in this fiscal year, according to the poll, well above the central bank's commonly perceived comfort level of around 5 percent and up from 7.0 percent seen in the last poll.

If growth slows, with inflation moderately high -- like in recent months -- the central bank will not feel compelled to take any drastic steps, said Andrew Kenningham, economist at Capital Economics.

They're quite rightly saying that the ball is in the court of the government to take all the actions needed to generate faster growth.