Yemen Receives $6.4 Billion In Foreign Aid, Amid Food, Water Shortages And Social Unrest

Yemen's Government of National Reconciliation, which was established through democratic elections in February 2012 following a yearlong popular uprising against the government of former President Ali Abdullah Saleh, has said it will ultimately need $11.9 billion in foreign aid to support the country's economic recovery over a two-year period.

The Yemeni government has outlined a recovery plan aimed at creating jobs as unemployment rates reach 40 percent among young people, and to provide sorely needed services such as education, health care, access to sanitation and food aid with nearly 1 million children under the age of five suffering from acute malnutrition, according to UNICEF.

Saudi Arabia, Yemen's wealthy neighbor on the Arabian Peninsula, has pledged $3.25 billion for the recovery plan, while the U.S. has pledged $345 million, doubling previous commitments with approximately $200 million in aid disbursed to date.

The World Bank has also announced that it intends to provide an additional $400 million in aid on top of $700 million already committed to ongoing projects in the country.

"Yemen will need predictable and regular sources of funding to keep up the momentum on reforms and to keep the hopes of all Yemenis alive," said Hartwig Schafer, incoming World Bank Country Director for Yemen, Egypt and Djibouti, in a statement.

Yemen's Looming Food and Water Crises

Yemen faces significant challenges following a turbulent political upheaval that shifted focus away from the country's longstanding problems.

Perhaps most pressing of all is the country's impending water crisis. Yemen is heavily dependent on dwindling groundwater resources, a problem exacerbated by illegal well drilling, increased droughts caused by climate change, exploding population growth and mismanagement of existing water resources.

The capital, Sana, is on track to run out of viable water supplies within 10 years, while more than 40 percent of the country's water resources are devoted to the cultivation of khat, a narcotic plant that provides no nutritional sustenance and requires five times as much water to grow compared to grapes and over 45 percent more than wheat.

This contributes to the insecurity of country's already threatened food supplies, at least half of which is dependent on imports that are becoming more expensive with increasing global food prices, according to the World Bank.

"Yemen is facing a hunger crisis that has deteriorated drastically in recent months. Drought, conflict and soaring food prices have left millions of Yemenis unable to feed their families," read a May 2012 statement from the U.N. Office for Coordination of Humanitarian Aid. "Without immediate action, some 300,000 are at risk of dying and many more could suffer lifelong consequences."

These issues affect not only the future development and stability of Yemen's economy, but also deepen pre-existing and newly developing social conflicts, which continue a vicious cycle of poverty, hunger and health issues.

Rebel Conflict and Rising Extremism

Even before the 2011 Yemeni revolution, the government was dealing with an uprising in the north among the Houthis, a group of Zaydi Shi'a Muslims who are opposed to rule by the Sunni Muslim majority, a conflict that is deep-rooted in Yemen's longstanding tribal rivalries.

The conflict in the north has been responsible for displacing more than 300,000 people, UNOCHA reported.

In the south, Islamist militants associated with al Qaeda have capitalized on Yemen's political instability following the 2011 revolution and made incursions into the region, while carrying out attacks against security forces and displacing more than 100,000 people.

"The conflict has further exacerbated severe and widespread chronic vulnerabilities in Yemen, particularly regarding food security, nutrition, and access to water and health care," read a 2011 UNOCHA analysis of Yemen.

"In 2009 there were 2.7 million severely food-insecure people in the country. In 2011 that figure was estimated between 5 million and 7 million people."

The conflict in Yemen has also made it more difficult for foreign aid to be delivered in many parts of the country where it is most needed, but UNOCHA has called upon the international community to fully commit to providing humanitarian aid to Yemen.

"With millions of lives at stake, we cannot allow political and security considerations to overshadow the vast humanitarian needs in Yemen," UNOCHA said in a statement.