Pope Francis vowed Sunday to keep Iraq in his heart, as he concluded the largest mass and final public event of a historic trip meant to encourage the country's dwindling Christian community and deepen interfaith dialogue.

The pontiff celebrated among thousands of smiling worshippers in a sports stadium in the Kurdistan region's capital Arbil, after visiting Christian survivors of the Islamic State group's reign of terror.

Rows of seats were set out in the ruins of the Syriac Catholic Church of the Immaculate Conception in Mosul's Old City ahead of Pope Francis' visit
Rows of seats were set out in the ruins of the Syriac Catholic Church of the Immaculate Conception in Mosul's Old City ahead of Pope Francis' visit AFP / Zaid AL-OBEIDI

The 84-year-old was driven in his white, windowless "pope-mobile" into the stadium, where jubilant worshippers sat socially distanced on white chairs spread out on the greens.

Others stood, craning their necks to catch a glimpse of Francis, in the stands ringing the Franso Hariri Stadium, named after an Iraqi Christian politician who was assassinated by extremists 20 years ago.

Pope Francis rides in a golf cart in the old city of Iraq's northern Mosul
Pope Francis rides in a golf cart in the old city of Iraq's northern Mosul AFP / Vincenzo PINTO

In concluding the mass, the Pope vowed to keep Iraq in his heart even when he returns to the Vatican on Monday.

"In my time among you, I have heard voices of sorrow and loss, but also voices of hope and consolation," he said.

Geographic spread of Christians in selected Middle Eastern countries and the percentage of each country's population they represent in the region
Geographic spread of Christians in selected Middle Eastern countries and the percentage of each country's population they represent in the region AFP / Bertille LAGORCE

"Now the time draws near for my return to Rome. Yet Iraq will always remain with me, in my heart."

The faithful wore hats featuring pictures of Francis, and face-masks to protect them from Covid, as a second wave has driven up cases to around 5,000 new infections per day in Iraq.

Pope Francis releases a white dove near the ruins of the Syriac Catholic Church of the Immaculate Conception, in the Iraqi city of Mosul on Sunday
Pope Francis releases a white dove near the ruins of the Syriac Catholic Church of the Immaculate Conception, in the Iraqi city of Mosul on Sunday VATICAN MEDIA / -

The stadium seats around 20,000, but large swathes of the stands were empty after authorities had trimmed down the allowed attendance in recent days.

"It's a special trip, also because of the conditions," said Matteo Bruni, the Vatican's spokesman, who described the visit to Iraq as "a gesture of love for this land its people".

Pope Francis, accompanied by the Chaldean Catholic Archbishop of Mosul Najib Michaeel Moussa, near the ruins of the Syriac Catholic Church of the Immaculate Conception in the old city of Iraq's Mosul
Pope Francis, accompanied by the Chaldean Catholic Archbishop of Mosul Najib Michaeel Moussa, near the ruins of the Syriac Catholic Church of the Immaculate Conception in the old city of Iraq's Mosul AFP / Vincenzo PINTO

Iraq's Christian population has shrunk to fewer than 400,000, from around 1.5 million before the US-led invasion of 2003.

Arbil has been a place of refuge for many Christians who fled violence over the years, including IS jihadists' 2014 onslaught and ensuing reign of terror.

Young women dressed in traditional clothing celebrate the arrival of Pope Francis in Mosul's old city
Young women dressed in traditional clothing celebrate the arrival of Pope Francis in Mosul's old city AFP / Zaid AL-OBEIDI

The heaviest security deployment yet is protecting Francis in northern Iraq on what is perhaps the riskiest day of his historic trip.

The city was targeted just weeks ago by a deadly rocket attack, the latest in a series of strikes blamed on pro-Iranian forces.

Young women dressed in traditional clothing celebrate the arrival of Pope Francis in Mosul's old city
Young women dressed in traditional clothing celebrate the arrival of Pope Francis in Mosul's old city AFP / Zaid AL-OBEIDI

The visit to the north came the day after the leader of the world's 1.3 billion Catholics met Iraq's top Shiite Muslim cleric, the reclusive Grand Ayatollah Ali Sistani, who agreed Iraq's Christians should be able to live in "peace".

It also embodies a cause close to the pope's heart: reaching out to Iraq's traumatised Christian community.

Pope Francis arrives at the celebrated mass on Sunday with several thousand worshippers spread across a stadium in the Kurdistan regional capital of Arbil, the largest liturgy of his trip to pandemic-hit Iraq.
Pope Francis arrives at the celebrated mass on Sunday with several thousand worshippers spread across a stadium in the Kurdistan regional capital of Arbil, the largest liturgy of his trip to pandemic-hit Iraq. POOL / RUDAW

Watching from afar as IS swept across the northern province of Nineveh in 2014, Pope Francis said he was ready to come and meet the displaced and other victims of war in a show of solidarity.

He fulfilled that promise on Sunday, first visiting Mosul, the onetime bastion of the Islamic State group, still largely in ruins.

Standing in front of the partially collapsed walls of the centuries-old Al-Tahera (Immaculate Conception) Church, Francis pleaded for Christians in Iraq and the Middle East to stay in their homelands.

He said the "tragic" exodus of Christians "does incalculable harm not just to the individuals and communities concerned, but also to the society they leave behind".

The Al-Tahera Church, whose roof collapsed during fighting against IS in 2017, is one of the oldest of at least 14 churches in Nineveh province that were destroyed by the jihadists.

The pope was driven in a golf cart around the historic Old City, largely razed during the grinding fight to dislodge the jihadists.

"Today was the most beautiful day for us, being visited by the pope!" said Hala Raad, a Christian woman who had fled when IS seized Mosul but returned to see the pope.

"We hope to come back to Mosul in health and wellbeing. The most important thing is security -- we want stability."

Before visiting Arbil on Sunday, the pope held a prayer service in Qaraqosh, whose ancient church -- named Al-Tahera, like the one in Mosul -- was torched by the jihadists as they destroyed most of the town.

Residents of Qaraqosh have since rebuilt their homes with little government help.

Al-Tahera too has been refurbished, its marble floors and internal colonnades buffed to host its most important guest yet.

Dressed in traditional embroidered robes, hundreds of Christians -- who speak a modern dialect of Aramaic, the language spoken by Jesus Christ -- welcomed the pontiff with hymns and olive branches.

"Now is the time to rebuild and to start afresh."

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