S.African gold strike starts as petrol protest ends

Mediators said the union representing petroleum workers, seeking 9.5 percent wage increases, had reached a deal with employers who had offered 8 percent. They settled on an across-the-board 8.5 percent increase, industry sources said.

The country's annual "strike season" is in full swing, with unions demanding 10-20 percent pay rises, well above five percent inflation. The strikes have already hit chemicals and coal and diamond mining, with worries about economic damage increasing the longer they last.

Workers at AngloGold Ashanti, Gold Fields, Harmony Gold and another smaller mining group walked off the job at 1600 GMT.

The stoppage could cost the sector $25 million a day in lost output at a time when gold is trading near record highs. The trio's share prices extended losses on Thursday.

Unions said they had held "inconclusive" negotiations with the chamber of mines on Thursday.

Pay talks with Anglo American Platinum, which accounts for 40 percent of global platinum output, will resume in August.

Oupa Komane, the National Union of Mineworkers' chief negotiator with Amplats, said the union had cut its wage demand to 15 percent from 20 percent and the company was offering 6 to 7 percent.

Strikes typically last up to a few weeks, with average recent settlements being about 8 percent. Employers usually ramp up production after reaching new pay deals, to try to make up for lost output.

There is little political will to rein in unions. The ruling African National Congress is in a governing alliance with the country's biggest labour federation COSATU, which has supplied it with millions of votes.

The biggest worries for the economy are strikes that stretch into mid-August, hit state-utility Eskom, which provides almost all the country's power, or hit platinum. South Africa is the world's largest producer of the precious metal.

At Emalahleni, 100 km (60 miles) east of Johannesburg, thousands of striking coal workers vented their anger near an Anglo American operation.

"I've worked 38 years for this company and I still get only 3,700 rand a month. How am I supposed to survive with that? And my family?" said Joseph, 55, who declined to give his last name.

Coal companies hit by the strike include Exxaro, Optimum Coal and Xstrata.

GOLD FIGHT

NUM is seeking 14 percent from the gold producers, who have offered 7 to 9 percent. In the coal sector, NUM is seeking 14 percent while employers have offered 7-8.5 percent.

South Africa was once the global leader in gold production but has slipped to fourth due to dwindling grades and increasing depths. A a short-term work stoppage is unlikely to affect the spot price, which hit an all-time high of $1,628 an ounce on Wednesday on U.S. and European debt woes.

But analysts have said a prolonged strike may push the price of bullion even higher. Gold prices yielded some gains to trade at just over $1,600 an ounce on Thursday.

Economists have warned that well-above-inflation settlements erode the country's global competitiveness by driving up the cost of a workforce that is already more expensive and less efficient than those in emerging market rivals.

Employers have also been shedding jobs to pay for the higher wage bills, driving up an unemployment rate that rose further in the second quarter to hit 25.7 percent. The mining sector lost 31,000 jobs in the period, data released on Thursday said.