Melbourne riot police used pepper spray, foam baton rounds and rubber ball grenades to disperse a violent protest against mandatory Covid-19 vaccinations for construction workers Tuesday.

More than 1,000 demonstrators wearing work boots and hi-vis jackets rampaged through the centre of Australia's second-largest city, lighting flares, throwing bottles, attacking police cars and chanting their opposition to vaccines and lockdown restrictions.

Melbourne has been in strict lockdown for seven weeks
Melbourne has been in strict lockdown for seven weeks AFP / William WEST

Melbourne has been in strict lockdown for seven weeks, as the city struggles to curb an outbreak of the fast-spreading Delta variant.

Several clusters have been linked to construction sites, where Covid containment measures are said to be lax.

In response, authorities have introduced ever-tougher restrictions, closing work site tea rooms, announcing mandatory vaccination for labourers and, most recently, closing almost all construction sites for two weeks.

At least three police officers sustained injuries in the protests
At least three police officers sustained injuries in the protests AFP / William WEST

For hours protesters opposing the measures confronted police, ignoring loudspeaker calls to leave and a final caution that "no further warnings will be given".

Victoria state chief police commissioner Shane Patton said about 500 officers were responding to the "challenging" situation and had deployed pepper spray, foam baton rounds and rubber ball grenades.

Protesters march in Melbourne opposing new vaccine mandates for construction workers and Covid-19 lockdowns.
Protesters march in Melbourne opposing new vaccine mandates for construction workers and Covid-19 lockdowns. AFPTV / Tania LEE

"These crowd control equipment munitions were necessary, and they are necessary, because we can't allow this type of conduct to go on," he said.

"We will stop this protest. And we will then step back and investigate and hold those to account who need to be held to account."

At least three police officers had sustained injuries while more than 40 people had been arrested, Patton added.

Melbourne has been in strict lockdown for seven weeks
Melbourne has been in strict lockdown for seven weeks AFP / William WEST

Brandishing "Trump" banners and chanting "you serve us", protesters briefly occupied a bridge on one of the city's main thoroughfares and sang a popular 1990s power rock ballad.

A number of journalists were assaulted, including one television reporter who was hit on the head with a can live on air, shortly after another incident in which he was doused with urine.

Union leaders denounced the protests, saying the issue had been hijacked by anti-vaccine activists and what former Labor party leader Bill Shorten called "man-baby Nazis".

For hours protesters confronted police, ignoring loudspeaker calls to leave
For hours protesters confronted police, ignoring loudspeaker calls to leave AFP / William WEST

On social media forums that regularly feature anti-vaccine conspiracies, followers were urged to attend, "bring friends" and "wear work gear".

This was the second such protest in as many days.

On Monday, more than 100 construction workers in high-visibility vests brawled and smashed union office windows in the centre of Melbourne.

That prompted the authorities to announce the temporary closure of construction sites, leaving tens of thousands of people out of work.

"We've been clear: if you don't follow the rules, we won't hesitate to take action," said state minister for industrial relations Tim Pallas, announcing the shutdown.

"We put the industry on notice just a week ago, we have seen appalling behaviour on site and on our streets, and now we're acting decisively and without hesitation," he said.

Local construction union boss John Setka denounced the protesters, whom he said were hurting the entire workforce.

The state of Victoria recorded 603 new Covid cases in the past 24 hours.

Australia's two largest cities, Melbourne and Sydney, are currently in lockdown, as they race to vaccinate 80 percent of the population.

That target would trigger gradual reopening, but remains at least a month away for most areas.